In this study, we also observed smaller testes in transgenic mice with a Nanos2-null background (supplementary material Fig. S1A), whereas a transgenic mouse line expressing Flag-tagged wild-type NANOS2 under the control of Nanos2 enhancer fully rescue the phenotype of Nanos2-null mice (Suzuki et al., 2010), indicating that NANOS2-ZM has no ability to rescue wild-type NANOS2 functions.
The HDGF-/ mouse line was generated by Rainer Gallitzendörfer (IBMB, University of Bonn, Germany) [ 15], whereas the Ink4a-/ mice were kindly provided by Clemens Schmitt (Charité - University Berlin, Germany) with permission of Manuel Serrano (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain) [ 29].
First, the light phase food intake experiments have been done with our standard laboratory strain (NMRI) whereas, due to the need for a syngenic tumor and mouse line, BALB/c mice have been used for the cancer cachexia experiments.
This mouse line was designated as ΔCS.
Disease in this transgenic mouse line differs therefore from the human disorder since mutant GCAP1 will be present only in rod photoreceptors, whereas the human disease was originally described as a cone dystrophy.
Indeed, this interpretation is supported by a recent study demonstrating that a mouse line carrying a homozygous mouse mutation homologous of V790M (musk v789M/V789M mice) presents no abnormal phenotype, whereas a hemizygous mouse line carrying the V790M allele paired with a null allele (musk v789M /– mice) develops severe weakness (32).
But more importantly, GHA mice are likely a more clinically relevant mouse line to study than GHR−/− mice; after all, repression of GH action is achievable through pharmacological intervention with the use of a GHA (pegvisomant) whereas total repression of GH action, as in GHR−/− mice, is not nor would it be clinically desirable.
A previous study by Grahame and colleagues (2001) failed to show line differences in the ability of alcohol to condition a place preference in the HAP and LAP selected mouse lines at lower doses, whereas LAP mice showed greater preference than HAP mice at a higher dose.
Whereas mouse lines that are heterozygous for these insertions show no phenotype, both homozygous lines display heart defects and neural crest defects, resulting in embryonic lethality at approximately 12.5-14 days of gestation (Brannan et al., 1994; Jacks et al., 1994; Lakkis et al., 1999).
Finally, h-apoE3 mice showed mild perturbations in a Y-maze active avoidance task, whereas both h-apoE mouse lines performed well in a passive avoidance task.
