Integrins are known to be expressed in a variety of tissues, including reproductive tissues of mice, humans, pigs and cattle [ 57-62]].
The Doxycycline (Dox) controlled tet-on-inducible system has successfully been applied to generate iPSCs from mouse, human and pig somatic cells [19], [23], [32].
This analysis gave 1120 alignments of mouse, human and pig, and of these 988 also included Fugu.
The results of the phylogenetic analysis show that the relative length of the mouse, human and pig branches are different for the different types of data.
Figure 3A shows alignment of the three species, and Fig. 3B shows histograms of the CAGE tag locations in each of mouse, human and pig, aligned based upon the location of start codon which is located around 50 bp downstream of the TSS cluster in the first exon.
This sequence showed a high conservation level of 65% identity when compared to other Gnmts from mouse, human, fish and pig (Figure 2B).
The information available is very useful in comparisons of mouse, human, cattle and pig genes because of the conservation of expression and function of imprinted genes [ 50].
Recently, another type of pluripotent stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been successfully generated from mouse, human, monkey, rat and pig.
We have shown that CPCs can be grown from human, pig, mouse and rat tissue with very little identity deviation in CPC, endothelial and mesenchymal subpopulations.
Cross-species comparisons of mammals (mouse, human, rat, chinchilla, guinea pig), reptiles (turtles), birds, amphibians, and fish have collectively defined our current understanding of the processes of hair cell mechanotransduction, regeneration and transdifferentiation [ 10- 16].
