Studies in the developing mouse heart show specific Pcan modifications (i.e., sulfations) are required for binding of different FGF-FGFR complexes (Allen and Rapraeger 2003).
Quantitation of E17.5 Snrk KO mouse heart showed significant increase in size than Snrk WT or HET embryos based on surface area normalized to body weight (Fig. 3A,B).
Quantification of P0 Snrk KO mouse heart showed significant increase in the size of the left ventricle (LV) based on ventricle area analysis normalized to body weight of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained coronal heart sections (Fig. 3C,D).
Genome-wide studies of NKX2-5-binding sites in the adult mouse heart show no statistically significant enrichment for the de novo binding motif (van den Boogaard et al., 2012; data not shown), in contrast to our findings for the E11.5 embryonic heart.
A subsequent study in isolated mouse hearts showed that the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 conferred cardioprotection, and that GLP-1 (9–36) conferred protection to a lesser extent.
As expected, AMI mouse hearts showed high myeloperoxidase activity (indicative of neutrophil infiltration) and elevated levels of Troponin-I a marker of myocardial damage used in the clinic [ 28].
As shown in Fig. 7A & B, IFM mitochondria from young Sod2+/− mice heart showed decreased basal, state 3, and state 3 µ respiration compared to IFM mitochondria from young WT mice.
ApoE single KO mice hearts showed no myocardial infarction and only occasional, minimal amounts of fibrosis, while myocardial infarctions were observed in 7 out of 8 88%%) PDZK1/apoE dKO mice.
On the other hand, cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-22 mimic induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, while miR-22-null mice hearts showed reduced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling [ 150].
While the younger mice hearts showed no change in fractional shortening (contractility) and LV volume (chamber size), older mice hearts started to show a reduced contractility (fractional shortening) and an increased chamber size (LV volume) as early as 2 weeks into the treatment.
