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Although compounds 17 and 18 are three- to fourfold less active on the mouse enzyme, they still retain relatively high potency against both species (Table 8).
Although compounds 17, 28, 31 and 38 are several fold less active on the mouse enzyme, they still show relatively strong activity, especially compound 28 (human: IC50=19 n m, mouse: IC50=61 n m; Table 7).
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A high degree of structural homology showed that the thiamin binding site was highly similar to that of the mouse enzyme, but highly different from the bacterial ones.
By exploring structure activity-relationship, the (R)--bornylamine derivative istructure activity-relationship inhibithe of mouse enzyme 11β-HSD1 with an IC50 of 18 nM.
Immunoblot analysis of koala hepatic microsomes, using an 11β-HSD 1 antibody raised against the mouse enzyme, failed to identify immunoreactive protein.
The shorter template regions of the mouse and other rodent telomerase RNAs could account for the shorter distribution of products (processivity) generated by the mouse enzyme relative to the human telomerase.
Immunologically, the human enzyme could be distinguished from the intrinsic mouse enzyme by the use of a specific antibody that does not react with the small amount of mouse enzyme present in this model.
Unlike CA XV, which has become a pseudogene in humans and chimpanzees, CA XIV is present in several human tissues, including the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and brain [29], [37], [38], [39], but the human enzyme has significantly lower activity than the mouse enzyme [40].
Though the Km and Vmax for purified recombinant 25-kDa ThTPase are respectively 175±21 µM and 5.9±0.2 µmol s−1 mg−1 for the human [82] and a little less than 100 µM and ∼10 12 µmol s−1 mg−1 for the mouse enzyme [35], these differences do not explain a specific activity in human brain less than 5% of that of mouse brain.
To identify compounds with high 11β-HSD1 inhibitory activity against both human and mouse enzymes, we selected compounds with IC50 values below 50 n m on human 11β-HSD1 and examined their activity against the mouse enzyme.
Neither the human nor mouse enzyme contains an FXFP motif or an optimal sequence for MAPK phosphorylation.
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