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The mouse embryonic node has been reported to contain motile cilia (15).
Another gene involved in ciliary absorption is the gene PIFO that is expressed in the mouse embryonic node (Kinzel et al. 2010).
By generating leftward flow in the mouse embryonic node and zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle (KV), active motile cilia establish organ laterality (15, 16), and they also mediate cerebrospinal fluid movement and respiratory tract mucous clearance.
A mechanistic explanation of the establishment of left right asymmetry came two decades later, when it was shown for the first time that cilia in the mouse embryonic node are motile (Nonaka et al. 1998).
In vertebrates, Rfx3 is required in many ciliated cells that also require Foxj1, including the mouse embryonic node, CNS ependymal cells (Baas et al., 2006), and chick neural tube floor plate (Cruz et al., 2010).
The KV is a ciliated, fluid-containing structure in the zebrafish, orthologous to the mouse embryonic node; it regulates left right body axis and organ development through directional cilia rotation (54).
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Ofd1 null XY mice have embryonic nodes lacking cilia, explaining left-right axis specification defects (23).
Injection into another mouse's blastocyst is the standard test for mouse embryonic stem cells.
Researchers have routinely generated new strains of mice by manipulating mouse embryonic cells, and some aspects of this technology may prove useful for improving human embryonic cells.
Since mouse embryonic cells already can, he said, it is theoretically possible.
Artificial DNA is introduced into mouse embryonic stem cells to silence one particular gene.
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