More importantly, there is strong co-localization of Xin with known intercalated disc components, such as β-catenin, N-cadherin and plakoglobin in the mouse, chicken, frog and fish hearts.
NCSCs have been well characterized in a number of model organisms [1], [2], [3], [4], including mouse, chicken, frog, and zebrafish [5], [6], [7], but little is known about the mechanisms of human NC specification, migration and differentiation.
Homologous amino acid sequences for some or all of these PADs exist in other eukaryotic species, such as the mouse, chicken, frog, and bony fish.
Phylogenetic and sequence alignment studies compared the predicted amino acid sequences for opossum CES with those for human, mouse, chicken, frog, salmon and Drosophila CES gene products.
D-Amino-acid oxidase activity was detected in the kidneys of human, monkey, rat, mouse, chicken, frog, carp, dace, crucian carp, cat fish, rainbow trout, and electric ray (10, 11).
Comparisons between ferrochelatases of multiple species reveal the proteins belonging to human, mouse, chicken, frog and Drosophila melanogaster to be metalloenzymes with a [2Fe-2S] cofacthoughtoughtoto play a structural stabilizing role in humans [ 62].
This cleavage site was completely conserved in human, mice, chicken, frog and zebrafish.
In the neural tube of the mouse, chicken, and frog, YAP is expressed in the ventricular zone progenitor cells and co-localizes with the neural progenitor cell marker Sox2.
Conservation of gene expression was compared by checking the 3,892 1∶1∶1 orthologous genes in mouse, chicken and frog (Table S5).
Besides testing conservation of gene expression of orthologous genes between species, we also tested whether homologous tissues (for example, brain tissues in mouse, chicken, and frog) are more similar to each other compared to non-homologous tissues.
Secondly, for all downloaded gene expression survey data, the tissue samples surveyed in mouse, chicken and frog [11], [16], [17] are only a part of the whole organs, representing the average of millions of cells of several different types.
