Across all these regions, with the exception of the coastal glaciers of Kamchatka (Khromova et al. 2014), glaciers are retreating although regional variations in retreat rates are observed both between and within the mountainous systems (Kutuzov and Shahgedanova 2009; Narama et al. 2010; Sorg et al. 2012; Shahgedanova et al. 2010).
This coincided with the formation of the Western Sierra Madre and the Neovolcanic belt, the mountainous systems that are now recognized as critical for the persistence of the Mexican dry forest [15], [16].
Unlike many mountainous systems, the higher temperatures and greater potential for evapotranspiration in the midlands at the end of the rainy season may make them comparatively more stressful than highland environments.
The drainage basin of the Ili and its principal tributaries the Kax (Kashi), Künes, and Tekes rivers is rugged and mountainous, the axes of the mountain systems running approximately west-east.
Data further indicate that production wells located closer to the western mountainous margin will be producing mainly from locally derived mountain-system recharge whereas wells located closer to the eastern margin are more influenced by older, regionally derived carbonate groundwater.
Alterations in stream morphology and hydrology, added to the effects of global climate change, are responsible for this phenomenon, that is particularly pernicious in mountainous lotic systems naturally characterized by coarse substrates.
Sloping and mountainous olive production systems are widespread, occupying large parts of the Mediterranean landscape prone to water erosion.
This study was designed to quantify the operational performance and costs of removing slash piles using a roll-off trucking system in mountainous conditions in northern California.
High-elevation snowpacks provide critical inputs to the hydrological system of mountainous semi-arid regions where summer precipitation is insufficient to maintain adequate discharges for ecological and economic needs.
