Sentence examples for mountain gradient from inspiring English sources

We provide a model that combines the effect of the surrounding vegetation (negative through competition and positive through facilitation) with environmental conditions along a mountain gradient.

As the effect sizes of competition and facilitation and the size of the facilitative temperature amelioration covary with temperature along a real mountain gradient, we modelled their interaction (Fig.  6).

Self-drive is possible, but outside urban areas road quality, mountain gradients and signage present a challenge.

While passing lush meadows peppered with bright, wild mountain flowers the gradient is initially relatively shallow.

In sum, we show that multiple dissolved gas tracers can be used to determine groundwater discharge to high gradient mountain streams from reach to watershed scales.

Determining groundwater discharge to streams using dissolved gases is known to be useful over a wide range of streamflow rates but the suitability of dissolved gas methods to determine discharge rates in high gradient mountain streams has not been sufficiently tested, even though headwater streams are critical as ecological habitats and water resources.

In this study, we performed a paleohydrological analyses in four high-gradient mountain streams using scarred trees as paleostage indicators.

We assessed moth nest density and bird communities during two consecutive winters on 25 linear transects along an elevation gradient in mountain pine forests of the southern French Prealps.

The results demonstrate that a model of percent canopy mortality as a continuous variable can be developed to identify a gradient of mountain pine beetle severity on the landscape.

This perspective challenges the simplistic view of an overall range shift of mountain plants along elevational gradients and calls for the improvement of models of snow cover dynamics and root zone temperature to draw up realistic scenarios of mountain vegetation changes under a warmer climate.

Mountain position and elevation gradients contribute to the presence of a variety of climatic conditions.