Sentence examples for motor lip representation from inspiring English sources

The TMS-induced disruption of the motor lip representation decreased sensitivity (i.e., d′) temporarily.

Possibly the disruption of the motor lip representation inhibited the generation of internal motor models that include lip movements.

In other words, the difference between "ba" and "da" was less salient during the disruption of the motor lip representation.

It is possible that this non-specificity is due to a failure to disrupt the motor lip representation without disrupting the adjacent tongue representation.

Disruption of the motor lip representation significantly suppressed MMN to intensity changes in speech sounds 148 170 ms and 182 202 ms after the onset of sound.

We consider, however, this to be unlikely, because the procedures used to localize and disrupt the motor lip representation in this study and our previous study were identical.

Also, discrimination and identification of consonants that differ in place of articulation is affected in a somatotopic manner by stimulation of motor lip and tongue representations (D'Ausilio et al., 2009; Möttönen & Watkins, 2009).

This interpretation can now be ruled out on the basis of recent studies combining TMS and EEG/MEG by Möttönen et al. (2013, 2014), who found that after repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the lip representation in motor cortex, the mismatch negativity (MMN) to speech sounds was reduced even when subjects passively perceived these sounds without explicit classification tasks.

To assess the effects of TMS-induced in the lip representation of the motor cortex on MMN responses to intensity and duration changes in speech and nonspeech sounds, ANOVAs with a within-subject factor TMS (baseline vs. post-TMS) and a between-subjects factor Experiment (3 vs. 4) were carried out.

For example, we have shown that TMS-induced disruption of the lip representation in the primary motor cortex impairs discrimination of synthetic speech sounds that are close to the phonetic category boundary (e.g., "ba" vs. "da"), whereas disruption of the motor hand representation does not affect discrimination performance (Möttönen and Watkins 2009).

Using single TMS pulses, the lip representation in the left motor cortex was localized in each subject by measuring electromyographic activity in two surface electrodes attached to the right orbicularis oris muscle (as described in Möttönen and Watkins 2009), or, if this was not possible, the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle was localized according to standard procedures (Rossini 1994).