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The excitability of the motor hand representation did not differ between Known speech, Unknown speech and Gurns.
This double dissociation indicates that the motor lip representation contributes to perception of speech sounds, whereas the motor hand representation contributes to postperceptual processes.
The TMS-induced disruption of the motor hand representation reduced the response bias (i.e., the criterion) during discrimination of between-category pairs.
This indicates that the stimuli modulated the excitability of the motor hand representation in native and non-native speakers of English in a similar manner.
We also found evidence that the auditory system interacts specifically with the articulatory motor cortex during speech discrimination: TMS-induced disruption of the motor hand representation did not suppress the MMN responses to changes in speech sounds.
First, the lack of suppression of MMN responses after TMS over the motor hand representation (Experiment 2) suggests that the suppression of MMN responses after TMS over the motor lip representation (Experiment 1) was not caused by a widespread TMS-induced disruption in the frontal lobe.
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During the 3 following maps, the locations of the strongest voltage values in the contralateral parietal and frontal cortices, first positive during maps 2 and 3, then negative during map 4, may correspond to activation of sensory and motor hand representations.
To address this, transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered over the motor cortex (hand representation) to probe excitability changes immediately after somatosensory cues prompted subjects to either move as fast as possible or withhold movement.
Cartesian distances to the primary motor cortex hand representation, cerebellar gray matter, and cerebellar hand representations were calculated (see Supplementary Methods).
Experiment 3 compared the distance between the scalp and gray matter at the primary motor cortex hand representation and several cerebellar coordinates.
For example, a single pulse applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) hand representation can elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in muscles of the contralateral hand.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com