Bruxism, "a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting the mandible" [4], has been linked to disturbances in the central dopaminergic system [5], as has another motor function disorder, Parkinson's disease [6].
The study has implications for the design of measures to promote recovery and rehabilitation of motor function in disorders such as stroke and spinal cord injury.
Mutations in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) calcium channel Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor type 1 (in3R1) in humans with the motor function coordination disorders Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 15 and 16 (SCand/16) and in a corresponding mouse model, the IP3R1delta18/delta18 mice, lead to reduced IP3R1 levels.
Whether similar results occur in patients with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia remains to be seen since the effects might be different when the gastric motor function is disordered.
In addition to brain mapping, TMS has been used for investigations into cognitive and motor functions and disorders, ranging from memory, speech, and language to movement disorders, epilepsy, depression, and pain.
Children are known to be particularly vulnerable to Hg, prolonged exposure to which may cause impairment of the developing central nervous system, along with attendant personality, motor function, and behavioral disorders (Counter and Buchanan 2004; Davidson et al. 2004; Levy et al. 2004).
Neurological soft signs are minor neurological abnormalities in sensory and motor function commonly reported in disorders such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders [ 1, 2], autism spectrum disorders [ 3], and obsessive-compulsive disorders [ 4].
While it has been suggested for many years that gastric motor function is frequently disordered in diabetes the term gastroparesis diabeticorum was introduced by Kassander (14) more than 50 years ago it has only much more recently been confirmed that abnormally delayed gastric emptying occurs frequently with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (6).
All children with ADHD had at least one comorbid disorder (mostly specific developmental disorder of motor function) and 44% had at least two comorbid disorders (mostly specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills).
We described a boy with cochlear hypoplasia, multiple neurogenetic abnormalities (profound sensorineural hearing loss, balance disorder, disorder of oral motor function, torticollis, and mild developmental delay) and a homozygous deletion of chromosome 5q31.1 spanning 115,334 kb.
