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These results suggest that self-concept and the mirror neuron system interact at the motor cortex level in a complex and limited fashion.
As it relates to hand actions, however, few studies have addressed the issue of self/other representation and the MNS at the motor cortex level.
In this view, mirror mechanisms at the motor cortex level are not agent-neutral but rather depend on who is performing the action.
At the motor cortex level, passive observation of hand actions increases M1 excitability, presumably reflecting mirror neuron activity originating from premotor areas [2].
At the motor cortex level, Keenan and collaborators [15] have shown that observation of faces contaning elements of one's own face is associated with increased motor cortex excitability compared to faces containing elements of a familiar individual's face.
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It is more difficult to explain a drug effect on ICI since it has been shown to be affected by benzodiazepine administration but not zolpidem, and this is consistent with the different segregation of the two inhibitory circuits in the motor cortex at the level of GABA receptor subtypes [ 46].
Being this disease strictly connected with the motor neuron, the pathological damage should be evidenced exclusively at the level of the motor cortex and/or at the level of the subcortical structures involved in the motor system [ 21].
That suggests that the VA deficit lies within these two site of stimulations, i.e., in the motor cortex or at spinal level (Prasartwuth et al. 2005), rather than a governor upstream to the motor cortex.
Surprisingly, since first studies with FDG PET performed in early 80's [ 30] in patients with upper motor neuron signs compared to age-matched control subjects, a decreased activity was observed not only in the motor primary and accessory medial motor cortex, but also at level of parietal and occipital lobes, being spared visual areas.
Our analysis reveals the alteration of two major components of the neuronal cytoskeleton in the ALS motor cortex at the mRNA level, showing a general down-regulation of microtubules by pathway-based analysis and deregulation of two genes encoding tubulin beta (TUBB2A, TUBB6), as well as decreased expression of all three neurofilament subunits (NEFL, NEF3, NEFH).
This unsupervised learning mechanism was implemented in the corticostriatal connections reaching the primary motor striatum from the high-level motor cortex.
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motor cortex stimulation
motor cortex region
motor ability level
motor neuron level
motor impairment level
motor protein level
motor activity level
motor block level
motor cortex excitability
motor output level
motor activation level
motor disability level
motor program level
motor control level
motor function level
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