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These latter factors were the motor content of the action (dynamic, static), electrode (frontal, centro/parietal) and hemisphere (left, right).
Importantly, adverbs should modulate the ACE effect only if they deal with the action itself by increasing the linguistic focus on the motor content of the sentence.
Fig. 2 shows the grand average ERP waveforms recorded at anterior and posterior scalp sites as a function of the motor content of the pictures.
First, does motor activation occur automatically even when participants perform a task that barely requires the explicit retrieval of the motor content of the word?
In both of these imaging studies the motor content of the linguistic material was argued to have automatically recruited the motor programs of the described actions.
If action-language processing activates motor representations automatically, then motor activation should occur even when the participants' attention is diverted from the motor content of a word.
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Thus, besides identifying the mental operations that most likely modulate M1 (explicit or implicit encoding of motor content), insight was gained as to when M1 is recruited and what the nature of its relationship (causal?) is with linguistic performance.
The LP was larger at centro/parietal (2.09 µV) than inferior frontal (−3.02 µV) sites, but the motor content effect was similar across sites, as indicated by the lack of interaction of electrode×motor content.
This outcome suggests that both linguistic and motor content provides meaningful information to readers, as the motor system enhances language understanding while language understanding modulates the motor system.
The first effect can be the consequence of accessing the semantics of words with non-motor content while a concurrent motor stimulation was provided.
For then, of course, the question will be: Whence the spatial content of motor behavior?
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com