Cruelty as George Eliot said requires no motive outside itself.
The distressing thing is that a white writer did not think the wish to be free a strong enough motive in itself for a character.
But that figure doubled after 9/11, as languishing humanitarian motive found itself reinforced by the national interest of making Afghanistan safe from terrorism.
To oppose a passion, reason must be able to give rise to a motive by itself, since only a motive can oppose another motive, but he has just shown that reason by itself is unable to do this.
"Cruelty, like every other vice, requires no motive outside of itself; it only requires opportunity".
That makes the greed motive work against itself, since profit maximising is the chief, if not the only, prompt for action in the financial markets.
On Maimon's view, one cannot determine whether an action simply accords with the moral law "and hence possesses mere legality" or whether it in fact follows from the motive of duty itself, and as such lays claim to morality.
In a second volume, his solution to the "economic problem", he envisaged a society that would banish the profit motive, and ultimately money itself, and where no one would work for anyone else.
However, recent reports suggest that an acceptable recovery could be observed with time in some patients and that the PRSE duration should not be by itself a motive for intensive care withdrawal on behalf of futility [ 4, 5, 10].
