Motivational studies [2, 3] show that motorcyclists are a heterogeneous group of users that use this mode of transport more for the riding experience itself than as a way of satisfying mobility needs.
The choice of term (physical activity, exercise, or sports) may impact the results of the genetic analyses and motivational studies.
Motivational studies consistently demonstrate that an advantage of volunteering is that it gives older individuals an increased sense of meaning [ 24, 41].
It is important for future motivational studies that variables are well understood by the field team and that they can clearly explain them, or that terms are clearly defined in any self-administered questionnaires.
Effect sizes (Cohen's d) found in Vitalum were of similar magnitude as found in earlier tailoring studies [ 3, 5], but are somewhat smaller than reported in earlier motivational interviewing studies [ 12, 18, 88, 93, 94].
Secondly, many of the studies described as health coaching have used a method very similar to the method described in motivational interviewing studies [ 35].
While gamification is promoted as a motivational instrument, studies measuring its motivational effects are still limited.
14 A Cochrane review of psychotherapy for depressive symptoms after stroke found no evidence of benefit 15 and cognitive behaviour therapy 16 17 has limited support; however, initial findings from motivational interviewing studies look promising 18 and a trial is currently being carried out to explore an intervention involving motivational interviewing, grief resolution and psychoeducation.
However, hardly any of the included studies studied motivational aspects or personality traits, and therefore, determining the moderating effect of motivation to perform well or personality on the effect of workplace stressors on muscle activity is currently impossible.
Psychologists study motivational forces to help explain observed changes in behaviour that occur in an individual.
