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Both the progressive ratio and concurrent choice tests evaluate motivation for sucrose when work is required to obtain the reward.
Thus, unlimited access to sucrose early in life reduced motivation for sucrose rewards and preferentially enhanced consumption of freely-available food over more palatable food that required work to obtain.
These findings are consistent with a recent publication by Frazier et al. [12] reporting that 3-week old mice having unlimited access to sucrose pellets for 4 to 7 weeks display decreased motivation for sucrose in adulthood.
Peripherally and centrally administered ghrelin significantly increased operant responding and therefore, incentive motivation for sucrose.
Peripherally and centrally administered ghrelin significantly increased operant responding and incentive motivation for sucrose.
However, several observations rule out aversion escape or mood enhancement by reward consumption as explanations for CRF's enhancement of cue-triggered incentive motivation for sucrose.
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Thus, we may infer that endogenous ghrelin signaling is of importance for the incentive motivation for a sucrose reward.
The effect of ezlopitant on the incentive motivation to respond for sucrose and ethanol was evaluated in Long-Evans rats that had achieved a stable level of ethanol or sucrose responding on a FR3 schedule.
This is demonstrated clearly in the concurrent choice test where both groups consumed the same amount of total food but the sucrose-exposed mice consumed less sucrose— available, but associated with a cost— showing that the sucrose-exposed mice exhibit less incentive motivation to work for sucrose.
These findings indicate that ghrelin plays an important role in motivation and reinforcement for sucrose.
Our data indicate that ghrelin plays an important role in motivation and reinforcement for sucrose and impacts on the expression of dopamine and acetylcholine encoding genes in the mesolimbic reward circuitry.
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