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In general, microtremors tend to predict slightly lower values of dominant periods than those calculated by the weak motion spectra.
Tall buildings and flexible structures require a better characterization of long period ground motion spectra than the one provided by current seismic building codes.
The time histories of vertical ground motion are generated from the ground motion spectra that are the functions of track, train, and soil parameters.
It is shown that peak SDOF displacement ductility demand relationships developed based on individual ground motion spectra can lead to unconservative designs, particularly for survival-level, soft soil, and near-fault conditions.
Like most other cases, the predicted horizontal ground motion spectra at a reference site are generally comparable to those observed.
Ground motion spectra at the stations in the severely damaged districts are characterized by the large spectral amplitudes at periods of 0.5 1 s.
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A linear scale factor was applied to each record, which minimized the mean squared error (MSE) between the ground motion spectrum and the target Eurocode spectrum over the period range of 0.2 T 1 to 2 T 1.
Through adjusting the frequency contents and amplitudes of seed motions, spectrum-compatible time histories are obtained.
However, in case that Chemical Shift Imaging (CSI) is used then a number of issues have to be considered, such as, the long acquisition which can lead to patients' anxiety which is accompanied by head motion producing spectra deterioration, field inhomogeneities that produce large line widths deteriorating the spectra resolution, chemical shift misregistration and outer volume signal bleed [ 17].
The process of generating ground motion response spectra via analyzing actual ground motion measurements is described in the paper.
The efficiency of the piano scale is improved by the analysis of the numerically simulated string motion and spectra of the string vibrations excited by the impact of the hammer.
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