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Méhes, E. & Vicsek, T. Collective motion of cells: from experiments to models.
Chemotaxis, the motion of cells directed by a gradient of chemoattractant molecules, guides cells in immune response, development, wound healing, and cancer.
To mitigate possible ambiguity in whether motion observed in these assays is directed by the chemoattractant gradient or by chemokinesis, we developed a mathematical model to determine when such methods indeed indicate directed motion of cells.
From the dynamics of magnetic particle motion we have found that the characteristic time-scales for the motion of cells (mean capture time ∼ 4 s) and gene complexes (mean capture time ∼ 3 min), when permanent magnets are used, are in the range suitable for efficient cell separation and gene delivery.
They have also been used to understand and control wound healing processes through the collective motion of cells [38 40].
Chemotaxis is the collective motion of cells induced by a chemical gradient.
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Active swimming and motor switching is superimposed with passive Brownian motion of cell body and flagellar bundle [ 4].
For instance, in the case of the development of the Drosophila embryo, forces resulting from internal motions of cells control cellular fate and expression of developmental genes.
By taking short snapshots in rapid succession, the dimension of time opens up the ability to track motions of cells, see how cells interact with one another, and follow small motions within cells, tissues and structures.
In conjunction with live cell imaging, the distance traveled, velocity, and angular motion of individual cells and collective cell migration behaviors were measured in confined environments with dimensions comparable to a cell.
As in the earlier experiment, the collective circular motion of the cells is blocked, even though cell movement still occurs.
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