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In order to make the motion of atoms possible, this atomism had to accept the existence of the void (empty space) as a real entity in which the atoms can move and rearrange themselves.
As was suggested by Mizubayashi et al. [10], electrical current can induce a resonant collective motion of atoms, thereby enhancing atomic migration and facilitating crystallization at temperatures far below the crystallization temperature of the alloy.
From an experimental point of view, isolating that atomic motion of atoms associated with the chemical event against the vast background of motions is very hard indeed.
To quantitatively characterize the scratching-induced motion of atoms, the shear strain of each atom is calculated by comparing the current atomic configuration of the substrate with the reference configuration obtained after relaxation.
In fact, it is a common sense that the atomic B-factors have little significance to reflect the internal thermal motion of atoms when the resolution falls below 3.5 Å.
It appears that amorphization can occur even when the motion of atoms is not frozen-in.
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The large magnitude of the volume indicates that grain boundary migration is accomplished by the correlated motion of atom groups.
Langevin's equation for the motion of atom i is[16]: F i → − γ i υ → i + R → i t = m i a → i, Open image in new window (1).
For example, simultaneously illuminating samples with laser beams coming from opposite directions can cancel the effects of the random motions of atoms or molecules in a gas.
This animation explains how researchers use high-energy electrons at SLAC to study faster-than-ever motions of atoms and molecules relevant to important materials properties and chemical processes.
At higher frequencies (1012 to 5 × 1014 hertz), in the infrared region of the spectrum, the moving charges are primarily associated with the rotations and vibrations of molecules and the motions of atoms bonded together in materials.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com