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The proposed motion model in our case is used for weighting particles in the PF of Figure 1.
The same Kalman-filtering motion smoothing framework was extended to 2D affine motion model in [12], leading to a better performance.
Concerning simultaneous walking and turning, the linear inverted pendulum is used as the motion model in the single-leg support phase, and the polynomial-based trajectory is used as the motion model in the double-leg support phase and for smooth motion connectivity to motions in a priori and a posteriori single-leg support phases.
Using this motion model, in the prediction state, a predicted ({widetilde {{boldsymbol {Theta } }}}_{ i,t)}) for the actual time step on basis of the estimated ({widehat {{boldsymbol {Theta } }}}_{ i,t-1)}) of the previous time instance can be determined.
Let us now introduce this motion model in the expression of the posterior distribution in (2): p ( s k | z 1 : k ) ≈ c ⋅ p ( z k | s k ) ∑ r = 1 N ∏ i = 1 M p ( s i, k | s i, k - 1 ( r ) ) ∏ C ϕ C ( x C ) (10).
We have shown that motion shifts from the fovea to the periphery are consistent with a motion model in which the foveal visual system responds separately to first- and second-order motion information, and the peripheral system combines first- and second-order motion information.
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Despite this, there are few Interaction-aware motion models in the literature.
We address the problem of using appearance and motion models in classifying and tracking objects when detailed information of the object's appearance is not available.
While [21] still used interval constraints to approximately solve the black-border problem for more complicated motion models, in this paper, we use an exact linear inequality modeling of the constraints without any approximation for complicated motion models like similarity motion and affine motion.
Because the permanent displacement or near-field term in such near-fault ground motions is generally sensitive to the locations and minute geometry of causative faults and attenuates rapidly with distance (e.g., Hisada and Bielak 2003), more detailed modeling of surface breaking faults at shallow depths is necessary to improve ground motion modeling in near-fault areas.
In the latter, animator Ray Harryhausen had to add inaccurate bat-like wing fingers to his stop motion models in order to keep the membranes from falling apart, though this particular error was common in art even before the film was made.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com