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The piston motion is treated by a Cartesian grid scheme.
The particle motion is treated numerically to provide information of interest to thin film liquid coating.
The ion motion is treated in the MHD approximation with self-consistent distributions and dynamics of all plasma components.
The towed body is modeled as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom while the tow ship motion is treated as a moving boundary to the system.
Object motion is treated using rigid-body kinematics as characterized by rectilinear translation, curvilinear translation, and curvilinear rotation along motion segments.
The particles' motion is treated by a Lagrangian approach, in which the particles are assumed to interact through binary, instantaneous, and non-elastic collisions.
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The suggestion that motion be treated as irreducibly relational — so that motion could be ascribed to Train A relative to one reference frame, and to Train B relative to another reference frame — would have had no attraction for Leibniz, who consistently denied that there are any genuine external relations (i.e. relations that do not wholly supervene on intrinsic properties).
For a frictionless liquid layer around a cylindrical shell and a frictionless liquid inside a shell in a zero-gravity condition the hydroelastic interaction of the shell- and liquid-motion is treated.
The Brownian motion case is treated in detail and extensions to general diffusions are given.
Epistemic uncertainties are defined in different parts of the structural system including pile, structural elements and surrounding soil and record-to-record variability in actual ground motion records is treated as aleatory uncertainty.
That is, considering the density of states and diffusive motion, it is treated as a 3D system because the film thickness d is much larger than the Fermi wavelength λ F (d ≫ λ F ~ 10−1 nm) and its mean free path of electrons l 0 (d ≫ l 0 ~ 10−1 nm in our sample).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com