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These fluctuations arise from head motion and physiological artifacts.
Second, fMRI sensitivity can be severely degraded by head motion and physiological noise (linked to respiration, heartbeat, etc).
Functional images were preprocessed to mitigate rigid-body motion and physiological noise, and spatially interpolated to match the digital resolution of the T2*-weighted anatomical images.
Time courses from white-matter regions and ventricles were also included in the design matrix to reduce motion and physiological artifacts.
Inclusion of confounding factors such as motion and physiological noise in the fMRI model is intended to ensure these are not considered as effects of interest.
The methods necessary for high-quality 7 T fMRI in ventral brain regions, in particular the amygdala, need to target the two most challenging features: (1) signal loss from susceptibility-related field inhomogeneities and (2) strong temporal signal fluctuations due to motion and physiological artifacts.
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Monitoring of human motions and physiological signals as well as anti-interference voice recognition based on the sensor is demonstrated, showing its potential applications in wearable electronics, human healthcare monitoring and smart sensing system.
The sources of noise are numerous including different kinds of motion artifacts and physiological noise with complex patterns.
Regressing out estimated motion parameters and physiological signals can largely increase the gray matter temporal signal to noise [ 41].
We believe this model comes closest to being based on Newton's laws of motion and the physiological properties of muscle.
Arterial Spin Labelling analysis An extensive pre-processing and quality control procedure will be used to detect and correct image artefacts caused by motion, random thermal and physiological noise, EPI distortion, spatial-temporal denoising, correction for temporal decay and partial voluming of the signal.
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