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We therefore employ the femoral osteotomies for patients who have greater than 20° of inward rotational deformity indicated by the preoperative hip range of motion and CT scan.
Intraoperative assessment of passive range of motion and CT imaging of the components' alignment proved useful for measuring in vivo tibial-femoral kinematics and objectively categorizing the nominal and outlier alignment groups after mobile-bearing TKR.
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A number of different strategies are being developed to address this issue, including (1) manual realignment of CT and PET, (2) acquiring a cine CT of the breathing motion and generating an average CT for attenuation correction and (3) acquiring multiple CT data sets to ensure at least one matches the PET image as closely as possible.
Other factors potentially resulting in SUV variation or inaccuracy include partial volume effects (in which there is underestimation in small tumours), patient movement between PET and CT, including respiratory motion, and variation in FDG uptake time between initial and restaging PET scans.
In assessing tumours of the oral cavity and oropharynx, motion is a problem, and CT and MRI are considered complementary investigations.
Furthermore, positional differences may exist between PET and CT because of repositioning and/or accidental voluntary motion.
Common artefacts seen in the head and neck area are related to metallic implants and dental hardware or may occur due to patient motion between the CT and the PET acquisition.
All patients positioned their head in a tiltable head holder and were fixed with an additional strap in order to prevent motion during CT data acquisition.
MRI is less affected by dental artefacts as compared to CT. Involuntary patient motion between the CT and the PET data acquisition of a PET/CT study can lead to poor data fusion, making correct localisation of focal uptake impossible especially in smaller lesions and in the supraclavicular area (see "Increased FDG thyroid gland uptake").
This method has the advantage of eliminating blurring artefacts caused by motion and greatly decreasing the possibility of a mismatch between the CT and PET scan.
The top row des a patient whose baseline diagnostic factors indicate a highly period tumor motion and respiratory pattern, suitable for respiratory motion-tracked PET/CT and motion-tracked radiotherapy.
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