Although we are not aware of animal or human data on the interaction of phthalates and PCBs in relation to sperm motility, there are data on their independent relationships with sperm motility.
However, for bidirectional motility, there are three different options: a) Passive, ATP-independent, one-dimensional diffusion on the MT lattice: In this case, one would expect a linear dependence of MSD on time lag for all times with in the range appropriate for analysis (up to one quarter of the total time, when individual traces are analyzed).
It is also interesting to note that during initiation of polarized cell motility there is a propagation of actin network changes from the lamellar rear to the front (Yam et al., 2007), which we also observed during CIL initiation, although the mechanics behind this redistribution are currently unclear.
After adjusting for age and abstinence time, for below reference sperm motility there was a greater than additive interaction between monobenzyl phthalate and PCB-153 [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41 3.22], sum of PCBs (RERI = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.15 2.94), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450 -inducing CYP450 -inducing0; 95% CI, 0.21–3.06).
In contrast, in samples with lower motility, there was a significant effect on both total and progressive motility.
When S100A4 protein levels are plotted against motility, there is a significant linear relationship when assessed by a least-squares regression analysis (R=0.822; P=0.012).
Despite the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of EE motility, there was little known about the physiological importance of this transport process.
In contrast, in patients with low progressive motility, there were a higher proportion of patient samples that responded positively compared with those in the normal category.
In patient samples with low total motility and low progressive motility, there was a positive response, either by an increase in total motility and/or progressive motility to some, but not all compounds.
Although there is some overlap between the two cell sets with a small number of GLI1 siRNA cells still showing high motility, there is a dramatic difference between the control and siRNA-treated SUM149 cells.
For below-reference sperm motility, there was also a greater than additive interaction between monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and PCB-153 (RERI = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.09 3.76) and CYP450-inducing PCBs (RERI = 1.87; 95% CI, 0.56 4.52) and a suggestive interaction between MBP and sum of PCBs (RERI = 1.35; 95% CI, −0.11 to 3.48).
