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We studied the synergy between CP and Arp2/3 using an in vitro actin-based motility system reconstituted from purified proteins.
The motility-control module is based on the bacterial motility system that is regulated by the transcription of cheZ.
The A motility system allows movement of isolated cells and does not require cell-cell contact, while the S motility system is typically employed for coordinated group movement of cells.
Based on the knowledge available, the genes required for predation include asgA, asgC, asgE, sdeK, csgA, frzABEFZ, and the A motility system (specific genes tested include aglB and cglB) [33].
The capacity of rickettsiae to use the actin-based motility system for promoting cell-to-cell spreading was noticeable in several SFG rickettsiae including R. conorii and virulent and avirulent strains of R. rickettsii, R. montanensis, R. parkeri, R. australis and R. monacensis [8] [10].
It was proposed that the actin band defined the diameter of the seta, and that it was propagated along the growing tip either as an intact unit via a molecular motility system, or by a treadmilling mechanism in which actin monomers from the base of the band were recycled at the tip [39].
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Some actin-based motility systems use filament reorganizations rather than myosin-based translocations [6].
Surprisingly, these mutants also exhibited pronounced changes in pilus formation or localization, indicating that these proteins may co-ordinate both the pilus and flagellum motility systems.
Genetic and phenotypic analyses have shown that M. xanthus gliding motility is regulated by the A (adventurous) and the S (social) motility systems [9], [10].
Below we discuss two major categories of signal transduction related genes and processes: ArcR/IciR transcriptional regulators and chemotaxis and motility systems.
The mglA gene, which regulates both the adventurous and gliding motility systems in M. xanthus [49], [50], is associated with the dif cluster in strain 2CP-C.
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