Bacterial motility is implicated in colonization and invasion of host cells by bacteria [42], [43].
The swarming motility, a form of organized surface translocation, depends on extensive flagellation and cell-to-cell contact [ 58, 59]; regulated by the rhl system [ 60], swarming motility is implicated in early stages of P. aeruginosa biofilm establishment.
ACTB is a component of the cytoskeleton and is a mediator of the internal cell motility, while ANXA1 is implicated in several processes, including apoptosis and specialized renal functions [20].
PAK1 has been reported to have a number of functions (e.g. cell survival, motility, proliferation) and is implicated in transformation and tumour progression (Huynh et al., 2010).
This protein is implicated in motility, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, but the prevalence of CD151 expression in subtypes of breast cancers and its influence on clinical outcome remains to be evaluated.
The ERK1/2 pathway has been shown to promote cell motility and invasion [ 31], and is implicated in a number of human breast cancer and in many experimental models of breast cancer progression [ 30].
FMNL2, which encodes formin-like 2 protein, is involved in actin-dependent processes and is implicated in cell motility and invasion (Kitzing et al. 2010).
This might explain why Rac1 is constitutively activated in Bcr-Abl transformed cells, whereby Rac1 is implicated in increased motility of the cancer cells.
In addition to cell cycle regulation, Ca2+ is implicated in cellular motility, which in turn contributes to the tumor invasion and metastasis.
Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion.
In experimental models calpain has been shown to influence cell motility and apoptosis, and as such is implicated in tumour progression and the response of tumour cells to various treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and targeted therapies [ 14].
