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Thus, the PEXEL/VTS motif is functional in P. berghei, mediating transport to the erythrocyte, but the motif functions only with an upstream signal/hydrophobic sequence.
The rules determining whether a consensus motif is functional remain incompletely understood.
We can have information about in which tissues each motif is functional from activity profiles of expression modules.
To investigate if the PEXEL/VTS motif is functional in P. berghei, parasites were transfected with plasmids encoding GFP chimeras containing the N-terminus of PfEMP1 (PfEMP1-GFP), KAHRP (KHARP-GFP) and a predicted P. berghei exported protein (Pb-GFP); and the localization of GFP was examined in live infected cells.
It remains unclear whether this ARE-like motif is functional.
Intriguingly, a recent study has shown that a TGCAC motif is functional in P. falciparum [ 36].
Similar(51)
In vitro experiments show that synthetic 12-, 13- and 14-AA peptides, namely CLV3p12, CLV3p13 and CLV3p14, corresponding to the CLE motif are functional in promoting stem cell differentiation in both shoot and root meristems (RMs) [ 17, 28- 31].
The results show that all Tetherin sequences (including those from non-primate mammals) contain two highly conserved motifs 1 and 2 located in the extracellular region (Figure 1, right panel), implying that the two motifs are functional important for Tetherin.
ChIP and reporter assays were performed to discover whether these motifs are functional binding sites for ETS2.
If our predicted motifs are functional, we would expect the exemplar sites composing those motifs to overlap significantly with experimentally defined regulatory modules.
Although PKV has been shown to possess phosphorylation activity in vitro [ 33], it is not known if the other predicted sequence motifs are functional.
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