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Concerning pollination, because C. alatus is self-compatible and mostly pollinated by bats [20], [29] known to visit open flowers in succession, the opportunities for intra-patch pollination are numerous and help to maintain relatedness between individuals.
Although there are very few reports in the literature that describe Amegilla as orchid pollinators, our observations indicate that Doritis pulcherrima is exclusively or mostly pollinated by Amegilla in Hainan, suggesting that Amegilla may play an important role as a pollinator of tropical orchid flora.
They are probably mostly pollinated by butterflies.
Insects are responsible for 80 85% of all pollinated commercial hectares [2], with fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, legumes and fodder [3], representing approximately one-third of global food production [3] [6], mostly pollinated by Apis mellifera L. (honeybees) [7].
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Milkweeds that are pollinated by pollinators other than the Hymenoptera have also become invasive.
The majority of species of Iridaceae are pollinated by Hymenoptera (mostly bees).
Because O. purpurea and O. militaris are pollinated by the same suite of generalist pollinators (mostly bees, bumblebees, and flies) [ 18, 19] and display considerable overlap in flowering time, frequent exchange of pollen between the parental species is likely.
In addition, we expected contrasting effects on plants pollinated by short-tongued pollinators and those pollinated by long-tongued bumble bees.
Flowers pollinated by wind generally are small and lack petals.
Half-sibling reconstruction gives insight about pollination patterns, as mothers are pollinated by potentially distant fathers.
Although records of pollinators are limited, most species appear to be pollinated by insects.
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