Notable exceptions to this general trend included genes involved in cellular development, which were composed mostly of genes encoding cell cycle regulators or proteins with homeodomains, are differentially expressed throughout the pre-erythrocytic stages; two genes encoding proteins involved in amino acid metabolism (PY04370 and PY05086) differentially expressed in RAS only.
Sixty-four gencodencode hypothetical proteins of unknown function, and the remainder consisted mostly of genes responsible for various prophage and other mobile element functions.
It is important to note that a limitation of this approach is that it will likely miss pathways (GO categories) that are comprised mostly of genes that each has only one or a few significant SNPs.
The major interaction network is composed mostly of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, such as CLB2 and CLB6 (encoding two B-type cyclins), MIH1 (encoding the budding yeast homolog of the Wee1 tyrosine kinase regulating Cdk1 activation), and SAC genes MAD1 and MAD 3. A smaller gene cluster included ATO2, CIT1, and ADE13, all encoding metabolic proteins.
However, the slight modifications observed were mostly repressions of gene expression (IL8, IL10, IL12B, IL23).
Recent studies including ours [ 11- 13] found that DNA methylation patterns span long stretches of chromosome regions that mostly consist of gene clusters in different types of cancer.
Gradually, a considerable fraction of the introns appear to become involved in various cellular functions, mostly, regulation of gene expression [ 19].
This discussion provides a partial explanation for our observation that the acute METH injection caused mostly downregulation of gene expression in the METH-pretreated rats.
CT-X genes are located on the X chromosome, are mostly members of gene families organized into complex direct and inverted repeats, and are expressed primarily during the spermatogonial stage of spermatogenesis [ 8].
Cluster analysis of the most significant 100 GO terms showed that CR induced many changes in SAMP8 that led to small differences, mostly downregulation, of gene sets of the cellular components in comparison with SAMR1 (Fig. S2A, Supporting information).
