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Even in our most underpowered subgroup (28 day survival in those with pneumococcal CAP sepsis) we had 80% power to detect ORs of 2.5 or more.
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This did not reach statistical significance within this underpowered subgroup (95% CI, 44% reduction to 8% increase; P = .14).14
However, even with large datasets becoming available, studies to detect important genetic signal remain underpowered, especially those rare variants the most underpowered type of association whose signal lies in tests.
Another, potentially less appreciated, consequence of performing multiple underpowered subgroup comparisons is that readers can be misled into believing that these negative results provide reliable evidence that the treatment is similarly effective in all patients, potentially masking important subgroup effects owing to inadequate power.
25 Although the lack of survival advantage with the addition of TMZ for patients aged 65 years and older may be due to this being an underpowered subgroup analysis, patients of this age range did constitute nearly 15% of the EORTC/NCIC trial population (83 of 573 patients).
However, there were only 166 exclusive olanzapine users and 112 exclusive risperidone users, producing relatively underpowered subgroups analyses for most rare outcomes.
The perils of concluding lack of benefit in underpowered subgroups of patients are well recognized in the medical literature [ 25, 26].
The most basic subgroup of SU 3) contains only three objects, from which the octets and decuplets can be built.
Hence we focused our efforts on the second most aggressive subgroup, which was subgroup #1.
Although Group 4 is the most prevalent medulloblastoma subgroup, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood.
Moreover, these results were consistent across most of the subgroup analyses (Table 2).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com