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Most trials provided incomplete information on random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding of participants and personnel.
Most trials provided incomplete information on allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, and blinding of outcome assessment.
Details of the individual studies, including the baseline characteristics of patients are shown in additional file 2 and outcome results are shown in additional file 3. Most trials provided an efficacy analysis based on the 'all patients treated approach' meaning that patients with at least one baseline assessment and one double blind on-treatment assessment were included.
While there has been considerable variation in the intensity of interventions provided across trials, 17 18 19 ranging from single sessions with a dietician up to additional dietetic counselling sessions at each antenatal visit, most trials provided between three and six intervention sessions over the course of pregnancy.
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Single most precise trials provided similar estimates of effects to those of the meta-analyses to which they contributed, and statistically significant results are generally in agreement.
Five randomised controlled trials of adjuvant treatment in patients with histologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were identified, of which the four most recent trials provided individual patient data (875 patients).
Most of the trials provided limited descriptions of trial design and the sample size calculation, which precluded estimating the statistical powers; and randomizations were only mentioned without further details, which precluded a proper evaluation of how the trials were conducted.
Most trials have provided relatively little information on the treatment of breast cancer cases, so that the extent of overtreatment is difficult to quantify.
Most of the included trials provided data only for acute phase treatment; information to help providers to manage ongoing depression or prevent relapse and recurrence is lacking.
Most of the included trials provided incomplete information on randomisation, allocation concealment and blinding of participants and personnel which may potentially introduce bias at the level of individual trials.
Firstly, and most importantly, all of the included trials provided antibiotics to patients in both corticosteroid and placebo groups (either to all participants, or to all participants with group A β-haemolytic streptococcus culture or a positive rapid antigen test).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com