Our high resolution μCT scans revealed that the most severe trabecular bone loss and structural deterioration occurred in the metaphyseal area of tibia and femur.
Examples of these tissues include adipose tissue [ 16], periosteum [ 17, 18], synovial membrane [ 19], muscle [ 20], dermis [ 21], pericytes [ 22- 24], blood [ 25], bone marrow [ 26], and most recently trabecular bone [ 27, 28].
According to the results of the experiments, the nanocomposite scaffold with modified composition (Cs/BG/CNT, 80 20 2 wt%) was the best one in matters of mechanical, chemical, and cellular properties and also the most appropriate for trabecular bone tissue.
The most typical manifestation of trabecular bone resorption appears at the cranial vault and is named the 'salt and pepper' skull [26].
In humans, the anabolic effect of PTH is most pronounced in the trabecular bone.
Microfractures most commonly occur in trabecular bone in the metaphysis or vertebral bodies and are typically non-displaced.
Patients with spinal fractures alone have the most deficient bones at both trabecular and cortical sites: those with hip fracture and no spinal fractures the best at trabecular bone and most cortical bone sites: and those with both hip and spinal fractures intermediate in most measurements.
Although the specific cell type(s) contributing to the altered gene expression cannot readily be identified, osteoblasts and osteocytes, which represent the most abundant cells in the trabecular bone [ 57], would be expected to contribute significantly to the altered gene expression measured.
This is in line with other tracer studies (with the use of 13C or 15N-proline) showing a higher basal collagen turnover in bone compared to that of other types of musculoskeletal tissues [1], [21] [23] – with the trabecular bone as the most metabolically active part, possibly due to the extended surface to bone area [24].
Most of these parameters, e.g. trabecular bone density, achieve peak values at skeletal maturity and subsequently decrease due to aging and menopause [ 6].
