We consider a simple scenario where at most two hops are allowed.
TCP-DAA focuses on networks of short hops, at most ten hops, as stated in this article.
The first possible form is group-based and relay (in fact, at most two hops) mechanism, which is very useful for energy-saving, massive access control.
Therefore, in a genuine case (absence of a wormhole), it is possible to reach v that is two-hop away from W1 in at most four hops with a high probability.
For a 5% failure, in Fig. 11 a, around 84% of lookups encountering at most two additional hops is observed in SHAM, while in Chord, 86% of lookups encounter at most three additional hops.
The figure shows that both systems start sluggishly with 11 and 6% of at most two additional hops visited for SHAM and Chord respectively.
However, as seen in the figure, 61 and 56% of lookups encountered at most five and seven additional hops in SHAM and Chord respectively.
Note that the reason for considering only these four routing possibilities is that the area in our simulation scenario can be covered by at most three consecutive WiMAX hops.
This was scored as "normal" (= 0; i.e., no difficulty accomplishing the task), "slightly abnormal" (= 1; i.e., difficulty coordinating the arms and legs), or "clearly abnormal" (= 2; i.e., great difficulty and only able to do at most three dis-coordinated hops).
Previously, investigators could trace three hops.
