Timing appeared to be a factor: most studies were constrained by time, and data were typically gathered within 12 months of the intervention.
However, most studies have been constrained by cross-sectional designs that limit causal inference due to failing to establish temporal order of exposure and disease.
Most studies use commercially available glucose sensors and insulin pumps, and thus are constrained by their features and performance.
Most studies of outcome following head injury have been based upon questionnaires, which can severely constrain responses and often focus upon the presence of symptoms rather than the degree to which they are causing problems.
This was a small-scale exploratory study constrained by the resources available to the researchers.
6 7 16 17 Although these studies provided useful insights into risk stratification, most were constrained by relatively small sample sizes, reliance on surrogate outcomes, or lack of accurate tools to evaluate RV size and function.
In contrast to most previous studies of grain growth dynamics, we relax self-similarity assumptions that strongly constrain the dynamics and statistics during microstructural evolution in polycrystalline materials.
Comparing constrained topologies according to morphology with the best scoring ML-tree from this study rejected a Notolychnini-Lampanyctinae relationship (P = 0.024; Table 2) as found from most morphological studies.
Another notable difference is that most prior studies employed a forced choice task to obtain size judgments (i.e., large or small; e.g., Klink, 2000, 2009; Sapir, 1929), whereas we used a variety of less constraining measures of perceived size.
Most existing studies were undertaken on small sample surveys among particular pockets of Pacific island migrants, where the sample size was constrained by limited budgets.
