Due to selection bias, most studies comprise a much higher proportion of malignant nodules (∼25%, range 5 63%) than is present in the general population (∼5%)[,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62 64].
Overall, 184 811 participants were included, with most studies comprising participants who were aged between 10 and 19 years (table 1).
However, most of the studies comprised only small numbers of patients using different imaging protocols and evaluation procedures making comparison extremely difficult.
The last and most comprehensive of the studies comprised 186 exposed and 213 unexposed staff members (Shaham et al. 2003), where exposures were divided into a low (mean: 0.4 ppm (range: 0.04 0.7)) and a high level (2.24 ppm (0.72 5.6)).
Most of the experimental studies comprised patients with breast cancer and a mixture of other types of cancer, but did not include men with prostate cancer undertaking ADT [ 18].
These congeners include those most commonly reported in prior studies, comprised the congeners with highest concentrations, or grouped by potential biological activity as previously recommended [ 24].
The extensive files contain among other sets of information detailed pathology data on more than 400 long-term (most often 24 month) chemical carcinogenesis studies, comprised of nearly 1600 individual experiments having at least 10 million tissue sections that have been evaluated for toxicity and carcinogenicity.
Most of the studies comprise low back pain (LBP) 2 5 and other musculoskeletal disorders.
