The nonsynonymous A10398G (T114A) polymorphism in the ND3 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit) gene of the mitochondrial genome is one of the most extensively studied mitochondrial polymorphisms.
Generating kymographs from time-lapse images is perhaps the most frequently used technique in studying mitochondrial axonal transport (e.g., Miller and Sheetz, 2004; Hollenbeck and Saxton, 2005; references within Wang et al., 2011).
In a number of recent publications, we have stated that the most common or traditional methods of studying mitochondrial functions are outdated and even obsolete, if the goals of the studies are mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology [ 9– 11].
Cytometry- and microscopy-based analyses, in combination with fluorescent probes, are widely used to study mitochondrial behavior related to cellular pathways, most notably – apoptosis.
They are potentially useful for studying mitochondrial dynamics with PALM.
Single-molecule tracking in mitochondria was used to study mitochondrial dynamics including the diffusion or movement of mitochondrial membrane proteins.
Mitochondrial-targeted Kaede (MitoKaede) has been used to study mitochondrial dynamics (Owens and Edelman 2015), in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2.
Most studies of complete mitochondrial genomes have focused on chordate and arthropod phylogenies because only a few mitochondrial genomes from lophotrochozoan phyla have been determined to date.
So far, most studies that report mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes have not carefully matched for habitual levels of physical (in activity.
