Most (>89%) resistant viruses from the United States do not have the N386K mutation.
Most resistant influenza A virus have mutations in the neuraminidase gene leading to amino acid substitutions predominantly at positions 119, 152, 274 and 292 of the enzyme's active site [5].
Most oseltamivir-resistant viruses in this report were included in the weekly FluView report prepared by CDC (6 ).
Most PI-resistant viruses also require at least one compensatory Gag cleavage site mutation.[ 73] The major PI mutations are D30N, V32I, M46IL, G48VM, I50VL, I54VTALM, L76V, V82ATFS, I84V, N88S and L90M (figure 4).
Most resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses have been detected in immunocompromised patients who received neuraminidase inhibitors, and all but 1 had the H275Y neuraminidase mutation (2 ).
Only 10% of the well water samples immediately after UV disinfection were virus-positive by qPCR, mostly for adenoviruses [see Supplemental Material, Table S6 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104499)], the virus group most resistant to UV disinfection (Yates et al. 2006).
Resistant mutations that accumulated during multiple ARTs may lead to cross drug resistance to most or all PIs [ 2- 4], raising a possibility that multi-drug resistant viruses may ultimately outgrow the number of PIs available.
To our knowledge the Camels and Bovine are the most resistant and sensitive to Bovine viral diarrhea's abortions respectively and the prevalence of virus in Caprine is more than Ovine aborted fetuses.
Studies on picornaviruses have demonstrated that these viruses are extremely resistant to HHP treatments, with poliovirus appearing to be the most resistant.
