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However, our blast evaluations under both artificial and field conditions indicated that TRJ is the most resistant sub-population.
Ali et al. (2010) found that IND is the most resistant sub-population (mean disease score = 3.0) against USA strains of M. oryzae.
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The resistant sub-population can adapt to increasing concentrations of azoles in a stepwise manner [ 30].
We wished to establish whether the cells surviving the TRAIL/FLIPi treatment within each cell line included a resistant sub-population of breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs).
A drug that inhibits an individual oncogene, therefore, only targets a subset of the cancer's cells; in fact, as the cancer ecosystem is one where tumour cells are forever competing for resources, removing a sub-population of cancer cells can inadvertently facilitate the expansion of another, perhaps more resistant sub-population, a concept known as competitive release (Greaves and Maley, 2012).
Consequently, personalized medicine/targeted monotherapies are effective only for relatively short times (less than 1 year) in the majority of cancers, as they lead to the selection of pre-existing intrinsically resistant sub-population of cells [ 107].
One of the reasons could be due to the small test volumes utilized in our experiments, and the corresponding likelihood that the percentage of hetero-resistant sub-population is very minute.
This stable phenotype is not the result of mere selection of pre-existing anoikis resistant sub-populations, since anoikis resistant cells can be derived from anoikis sensitive clonal populations[ 18].
In other work, WGS analysis of serially collected sputum samples of Tuberculosis (TB) patients provided overwhelming evidence of the presence of drug resistant sub-populations [ 5].
The phenotypic categorization of the strains used in this study was based on PAP-AUC, a specialized method chosen by the referral laboratory that is specifically designed to detect resistant sub-populations that exist with hGISA.
The presence of drug resistant sub-populations is a major concern when considering the variable sensitivity of standard genetic and microbiological tests for the diagnosis of drug resistance M. tuberculosis [ 16].
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