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As can be seen in Figure 7, with a single exception, the seven most resistant accessions were fixed for the resistance allele at all three QTLs.
The two most resistant accessions, MDR031 and MDR046, were intermediate in resistance between the species controls rye and triticale.
Noteworthy, when the 12 most resistant accessions (with I* value <27) were analyzed, 11 of them carried the combination of the "A" and "C" alleles (for Adair, the C allele at qBK4_31750955 has been imputed from neighbor markers, data not shown), suggesting that pyramiding of the two loci should provide effective levels of resistance.
The seven most resistant accessions did not cluster together but rather were distributed according to their geographical origin.
The most resistant accessions, MDR031 and MDR046, were quite closely clustered but other moderately resistant accessions were more diverse.
The most resistant accessions 'Karadzhandal', O34-16, anDVIT3351.2727 separated from the other Central Asian accessions along dimension 1, with 'Late Vavilov', the most susceptible genotype isolated from the rest.
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The seven most resistant soybean accessions identified in our study are interesting for use in any soybean breeding program.
Finally, we examined the three chromosomal regions harbouring significant marker-trait associations in order to see how alleles at these loci were distributed in the most resistant and susceptible accessions.
However, the two accessions most resistant to take-all in the field (MDR031 and MDR046) do cluster quite closely together.
The first and second principal components of the PCoA for 5 dpi data clearly separated 'Karadzhandal', the most resistant of all Central Asian accessions from the most susceptible accessions, 'Late Vavilov', and 'Carignan' (Supplementary Figure S3b).
Other soybean lines reported resistant to some races of P. sojae [ 25] also showed a good tolerance to SSR such as accession PI196157 (one of the five accessions identified as the most resistant in the first subset).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com