The most important reactive oxygen radical is the superoxide anion with limited reactivity, but it can be converted into other more reactive radicals.
Oxidation products are mainly sulfoxide, sulfone and disulfide, and it is assumed that singlet oxygen is the most probable reactive oxygen species.
Superoxide anion (O2−), one of the most active reactive oxygen species (ROS) in micro-environment of the human body, is involved in some diseases if there is excess O2− associated with oxidative stress.
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is identified as one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS) for its properties that reacts with various biomolecules in many processes of physiology and pathology.
In addition, catalytic nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles can perform energy-free antioxidant cycles that scavenge the most noxious reactive oxygen species via SOD- and catalase-mimetic activities.
Superoxide radicals are one of the most toxic reactive oxygen species and its damaging effects lead to a variety of detrimental health conditions including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and other types of age-related diseases.
The hydroxyl free radical is one of the most potent reactive oxygen species in biological systems [20, 21].
Singlet oxygen, being one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS), could be generated in the presence of g-C3N4 as a photosensitizer [95].
