Pathologically, the hallmark of MSA is α-synuclein-immunoreactive glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes throughout the brain, associated with neuronal loss, loss of myelin, astrocytosis and a marked microglial reaction most prominent in brain regions involved in motor and supraspinal autonomic control.
It seems to be most prominent in brain areas underlying the development of higher cognitive specialization.
The most prominent external brain abnormality was the "Moroccan leather -like appearance of gyri in the dorsoleather -likeappearanceilaterally.
While most prominent replicable brain abnormalities in schizophrenia are volume changes of the grey matter (e.g. 19, 22, 27), some studies using voxel-based morphometry revealed evidence for white matter abnormalities, e.g. bilaterally in the frontal lobe [ 14] or in the left temporal and frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients with predominant negative symptoms [ 21].
These distributions are summarized in Table 1 and show that in AD, a disease characterized by early memory loss and difficulties in executive functions, tangle pathology is most prominent in brain regions that are highly associated with these processes, namely the hippocampus, temporal cortex and frontal cortex.
The most prominent difference in brain N-glycan structures was observed between cerebral cortex and brainstem.
In addition some studies have explored the most prominent changes in brain volume which have been reported for the frontal cortex and the cerebellum.
Even though lymphocytic infiltration is seldom the most telling or prominent, brain lymphocyte subsets conduct regular immune surveillance in the CNS and still could play a seminal role in the pathophysiology of HIVE such as with neuronal killing [ 12].
It should also be noted that according to our analyses, LAMP-2A is the most prominent isoform in brain whereas LAMP-2B was only present to a minor degree and LAMP-2C was undetectable under the experimental conditions used.
The frontal cortex is one of the most prominent areas associated with brain abnormalities in migraine patients [39, 40].
