The most notable physiological effect of this approach is respiratory acidosis, which can be associated with air hunger, agitation, and patient-ventilator asynchrony, [11] hemodynamic compromise, and acute kidney injury, although evidence for the latter effects is limited.
Most of its physiological effects involve metalloproteins so it is important to understand the factors that control the predominance of one or another isomer.
Thyroid hormones exert most of their physiological effects through two thyroid hormone receptor (TR) subtypes, TRα and TRβ, which associate with many transcriptional coregulators to mediate activation or repression of target genes.
cGMP activates the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which mediates most of its physiological effects, such as vasodilatation or inhibition of platelet aggregation [ 10].
Most of the physiological effects of progesterone are mediated by its intracellular receptor, the progesterone receptor (PR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors [ 12].
Ca2+ is an important component of normal cellular functions and mediates most of the physiological effects triggered by EMF and the ions that are liberated from their intracellular stores.
NPRA is considered to be the biological active receptor of ANP and BNP because most of the physiological effects of these peptide hormones are activated by the production of second messenger cGMP [ 6, 8, 29– 329.
Guanosine tetraphosphate appears to exert most of its physiological effects by direct or indirect transcriptional control of target genes and binds near the active centre of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to modulate its activity, resulting in the direct repression of stable RNA operons (for review see [ 18].
Birds that experience limited temperature variation and have low basal metabolic rates will be the most prone to the physiological effects of warming temperatures and heat waves.
1,25(OH)2D exerts most of its known physiological effects through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (Krishnan and Feldman 2011).
