Our literature review has found that K. kristinae is the most pathogenic organism of the Kocuria spp.[ 3, 10- 12] and coincidentally possesses some degree of facultative anaerobic characteristics unlike the other, strictly aerobic, Kocuria species [ 9, 11].
The minimum survival time of most HAIs pathogenic organisms is about 2 18 hrs on the diaphragm surface of stethoscopes [ 22] and the clinicians spend on average less than 15 minutes with each patient, it is likely that stethoscope can serve as a vehicle for the spread of infection serially to the visiting patient in the hospital setting.
The spectrum of etiologic microorganisms is presented in Table 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogenic organism.
In addition, it was the most common pathogenic organism isolated from stethoscopes, with a prevalence of 4.2-54 4.2-54dless of the difference in setup and sample size in several studies [ 2, 8, 14- 16, 28].
However, these orally bioavailable drugs remain useful against a number of pathogenic organisms, most notably, methicillin resistant Stapholoccus aureus (MRSA) and Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) [9], [10].
Though some groundwater dissolves substances from rocks and may contain traces of old seawater, most groundwater is free of pathogenic organisms, and purification for domestic or industrial use is not necessary.
It is produced by an array of microorganisms, with the most common bacterial pathogenic organism worldwide being Staphylococcus aureus [ 1- 4].
Bacterial stefins and cystatins therefore most probably function, like the protease inhibitors in eukaryotic pathogenic organisms, in the pathogen-host arms race [ 51].
Under the stimulus of pathogenic organisms of the most diverse kinds, the sepals, petals, stamens, or pistils of a flower may be transformed into structures that are very different in appearance from those found normally.
