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As mentioned before, sensor nodes around sinks tend to be highly overloaded and the network lifetime is limited by the lifetime of the most overloaded node among them.
Whenever the most overloaded node becomes dead, one of sensor nodes which are still staying alive becomes the most overloaded node newly.
Therefore, packets are forwarded over the least-loaded path, which avoids the most overloaded node.
On the other hand, CPL cannot efficiently avoid using paths containing the most overloaded node.
Since the GLOBAL's gradient model reflects the traffic load of the most overloaded node which can be changed over time, GLOBAL efficiently allows sensor nodes to avoid the path including the most overloaded node even after some sensor nodes die.
In GLOBAL, in order to enable sensor nodes to avoid paths including the most overloaded node, the gradient field is constructed by weighting the cumulative path load as well as the traffic load of the most overloaded node.
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Sensor nodes should avoid a path including the most overloaded sensor node.
Therefore, the routing protocol should be able to prevent sensor nodes from using a path including the most overloaded sensor node.
However, assuming that network lifetime is the time elapsed from the deployment to the instant when one of sensor nodes becomes dead, it is essential to extend the lifetime of the most overloaded sensor node in the network, because the network lifetime is limited by the most overloaded sensor node.
The REDR of the most overloaded sensor node is weighted differently from the REDRs of the other sensor nodes over the path, according to Equation 6. G i = β ∑ j = 1 n RED R j + ( 1 - β ) * max 1 ≤ j ≤ n RED R j (5) G i = β ∑ j = 1 n - 1 RED R j + RED R n (6).
The proposal was compared to commercial software, showing a configuration with smaller numbers of overload elements and a lower cost of expansion to the most overloaded feeders.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com