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Most healthy cells primarily burn glucose in the presence of oxygen to generate ATP, a chemical that serves as a cell's energy source.
The surfaces of most healthy cells are studded with "self" signals, called class 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.
For the CRISPR trial, a UPenn-led team wants to remove T cells from patients and use a harmless virus to give the cells a receptor for NY-ESO-1, a protein that is often present on certain tumors but not on most healthy cells.
PS comprises roughly 2 10% of total cellular phospholipid in a typical mammalian cell plasma membrane, but the transmembrane distribution in most healthy cells is highly asymmetric such that PS is almost exclusively sequestered to the inner leaflet.
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The cells in the S subpopulation resemble most normal healthy cells in that they fail to bind annexin V (data not shown), implying that the lipids in the plasma membrane are asymmetric, with PS confined to the inner leaflet.
In the case of Dictyostelium, bequeathing the most nutritionally healthy cells to the next generation through the spore increases survival odds.
Inhibitors of centrosome clustering are selective for cancer cells because most healthy adult human cells do not exhibit CA, precluding their dependence on clustering mechanisms.
RPE-1 cells represent an ideal model for toxicity tests, given that epithelial cells are the most abundant healthy cell type found in the immediate proximity of tumors.
Among control T cells, essentially all cells with activated caspase-3 expressed pATM, suggesting that the ATM-p53 pathway controls apoptosis of most healthy CD4 T cells.
This result is reminiscent of the observation that the lipid distribution in the plasma membrane of macrophages differs from that of most other normal healthy cells in that PS is constitutively expressed at low levels on the surface of viable, non-apoptotic macrophages, where it is required for efficient recognition of PS-exposing apoptotic target cells [17].
Nonetheless, a long string of early experiments by Andersson and others established the empirical fact that initiation limits production for most endogenous proteins in healthy cells (Andersson and Kurland, 1990; Bulmer, 1991).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com