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In most germ lines with morphologically aberrant oocytes, we observed sperm clumped in the uterus, not localized to the spermathecae (data not shown).
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Inherited breast cancer is caused by penetrant susceptibility genes and most often involves germ line mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in about 15% of familial breast cancer patients.
General belief in reproductive biology is that in most mammals female germ line stem cells are differentiated to primary oocytes during fetal development and oogenesis starts from a pool of primordial follicles after birth.
This is important, as gene transfers from prokaryotes to eukaryotes with sequestered germ lines, such as most present-day animals, appear to be very rare [ 23]; almost all other putative HGTs we have detected concern unicellular eukaryotes.
He did the editing not in a one-cell mouse embryo – which is how most animal germ-line editing by Crispr has been done to date – but earlier, during the process of fertilisation, by injecting the Crispr components and the mouse sperm into the mouse egg at the same time.
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the most abundant and only autonomously active family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome, expressed not only in the germ lines but also in somatic tissues.
We examined lin-41 germ lines for mitotic and meiotic germ cells using this assay.
Germ lines were fixed and stained as described above, except that germ lines were ruptured before fixation.
The profile is most distinct in comparing germ line (testis) tissue to the various somatic tissues.
Furthermore, we use the SAGE data as a measure of relative expression levels between genes to identify the genes and gene classes whose mRNA is most abundant in the germ line.
IGHV1-69 is the most frequently used gene in IGHV1 gene family of Western populations, exhibiting in most of the cases a germ line profile [ 29] and, consequently, a more aggressive disease.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com