The most extreme deviations are found in the structures of crystal form III, with the distal parts of helix α2 (residues 550 558) being melted into an ordered loop, or into an ordered loop with a short β-strand (yellow), or into an entirely disordered loop (red).
In the most extreme case, the lateral deviation was 2.1%%.
To illustrate this effect, Figure 5 shows the results for the two most extreme cases of frequency deviation shown in Figure 4: site 244 of HLA-DQB1 and site 132 of HLA-B (0.56 and 0.52 absolute increase in REF allele frequency in the 1000 Genomes data with respect to PAG2014).
Long's [ 30] heterogeneity test indicated that the three markers with the most extreme allele frequencies represent significant deviations from the distribution of allele frequencies expected under neutral admixture (Table 2).
Upon inspection, five univariate outliers were detected in the data and converted to a value equal to the most extreme score within three standard deviations of the mean as suggested by Kline [ 31].
Although these peptide classes comprise only the 100 most extreme patterns in each category, a few deviations are worth mentioning.
Last, the intermediate two breaks between the middle and the most extreme categories were separated at values that were two standard deviations away from one (i.e. 0.5-0.67 and 0.67-0.9 beloneone, and 1.1-1.5 1.1-1.5-2.0 andve one).
If Xswitch is too large though, e.g. Xswitch = 6,000, then stabilization is only partial and the standard deviation σ remains relatively high over for Δu at its most extreme (i.e. over the range 0.4 to 0.5).
Mr Khan added: "Any deviation from this [principle] should only be considered in the most extreme of circumstances and must be accompanied by transparent checks and balances".
