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To perform this analysis, we used UCSC's [30] "Most Conserved" track and phastCons conservation score to filter our candidate COUP-TF binding site list.
Conservation was measured as the number of bases among the (up to) 1000 bp upstream of the ORF start site and (up to) 300 bp downstream of the designated open reading frame, that overlap with elements identified as being conserved in a seven species comparison (downloaded from the UCSC Genome Browser; most conserved track).
The conserved ROO copies were selected by intersecting a specific ROO custom track (we filtered the RepeatMasker track of the Variations and Repeats group with the word "ROO_I") with the "Most Conserved" track, allowing 80% overlap.
The UCSC Genome Browser "Most Conserved" track for the human genome (hg17, March 2006) is based on a phastCons analysis of a human-referenced multiz alignment of 17 vertebrate species (human, chimpanzee, rhesus, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cow, armadillo, elephant, tenrec, opossum, chicken, frog, zebrafish, and the two pufferfish species Tetraodon nigroviridis and Takifugu rubripes).
Starting from the "most conserved" track for each alignment generated by the Phastcons program, we padded the genomic coordinates by 25 bps on both sides.
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To assess the genomic distribution of densely methylated elements (DME), we measured DME overlap with each of four UCSC genome annotation tracks: cpgIslandExt (CGI: CpG Islands); phastConsElements17way (Conserved: 17-way most conserved elements); refGene (Promoter, Gene, TSS, Exon-5', Exon-3', Exon-In, Intron: for refSeq genes); and rmskRM327 (Repeat Classes: Repeat Masker).
The list of non-exonic conservation blocks was obtained after the subtraction of conserved exons (UCSC browser exoniphy track) to the PhastCons most conserved elements (17-way Vertebrate Multiz Alignment) [3].
High GERP scores represent the most conserved base pairs, and correspond to blocks in the 'conservation' track.
The most conserved residues are located at the intracellular ends of TM2 and TM3.
Indeed, this is the most conserved residue within CDP-OH_P_transf (Fig. 4b).
PDLPs belong to the α-group (Fig. 2a, b) and represent the most conserved class of DUF26-containing genes.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com