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Statistically, the most conservative calculation occurs if 50% of patients fall into this category.
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"The most conservative calculations show that radionuclides cannot move more than a few meters at most over a period of the order of a million years".
For the court's four most conservative members, the strategic calculation seems obvious.
Baseline (comparison group) mortality was based on that of the included trials not at high risk of bias, 59 and a clinically meaningful anticipated relative mortality reduction of 10% was used based on the lowest and most conservative value from power calculations presented for included recent sepsis trials investigating a primary mortality endpoint.
To show an increase in the proportion of patients reporting beneficial change on one or more of the four health behaviours from 50% (the most conservative estimate for sample size calculation purposes) to 65% at three months, an individually randomised study would require 340 patients.
Sample size was determined for key objectives based on the most conservative prevalence estimate of 50%%; calculations assumed 80%% power and a design effect of 2.0.
With an assumed prevalence of psychological distress of 50% (the most conservative assumption for the sample size calculation) and a 95% confidence interval with a 5.5% margin of error, it was calculated that a sample size of 312 PWID would be required.
Sample size was determined for key study objectives based on the most conservative prevalence rate estimate of 50%%; calculations assumed 80%% power and a design effect of 2.0 to account for the cluster sample design.
Using the most conservative effect size (d = 0.44), a power calculation using G*Power 3 [ 43] indicated that a total sample of 43 children would achieve a power of 80% with alpha set at 0.05 (two-tailed).
The calculation of margin of error assumes the most conservative prevalence rate of 50%, a survey response rate of 95%, a study design effect of 1.0, and a 95% confidence interval.
We chose the most conservative findings with the lowest effect size (Cappy's 3-month change: d = 0.65) for the sample size calculations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com