Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l)., the group of bacterial species represented by Lyme disease pathogens, has one of the most complex and variable genomic architectures among prokaryotes.
The phylogenetic distribution of the proteins seems to correlate nondeterministically with the presence/absence of the additional intracellular membrane in Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia (correlation coefficient of 0.852 for the DUF1501-containing protein family from the most complex four-gene genomic cluster).
The gene fru is the most complex in terms of genomic organization, when compared to the other main genes from sex-determination cascade (doublesex and transformer).
Although confirmed as copy number variable by TaqMan qPCR, precise locus copy number estimation of the remaining five prioritized CNVRs (Supp. Table S4) was most likely hindered due to complex genomic architecture and rearrangements of the region as also evident based on previous CNV studies (Supp. Fig. S6).
Most importantly, the fish genomes provide evidence of complex genomic rearrangements in the region of the matrilin-3 gene that have involved the loss of the syndecan-1 encoding sequence.
A second reason for the limited application of GWAS findings to medical care is the low predictive accuracy achieved by current genomic predictors of most complex human traits, including highly heritable traits such as height (9– 11).
Obtaining informed consent for clinical tumor and germline WES of children with newly diagnosed cancers offers many challenges, most fundamentally the difficulty of conveying complex genomic information in sufficient, but not excessive, detail to families who are immersed in a medically and personally critical situation.
This is the conventional view of how most complex regional clusters of rearrangements evolve, especially genomic amplification.
Indeed, using sequence entropy (Shannon information) as a measure of genomic complexity is obviously disingenuous given that under this approach the most complex sequence is a truly random one that, almost by definition is devoid of any biological information.
In fact, most triple-negative breast cancers are poor-prognosis tumors with a complex genomic landscape.
